Event
Usurper
Richard II is overthrown by Henry Bolingbroke. A move that is not generally supported by the Welsh aristocracyCrowned Prince
Owain Glyndwr proclaimed Prince of WalesAttack
Owain
Glyndwrs supporters (Plant Owain, the children of Owain) attack Ruthin,
Denbigh, Rhuddlan, Flint (where they attacked the English relieving
force), Holt, Oswestry and WelshpoolRetreat
Outside Welshpool and the banks of the Vyrnwy an English force led by Hugh Burnell scatters the Welsh forces.1st Expedition
Henry IV's army diverted to Shrewbury on its way back from Scotland. It commences campaigning in North WalesHeads Roll
8 rebels executedEstates forfeited
Owain
Glyndwr and other leading rebels are officially outlawed. Glyndwrs
estates are confiscated and granted to John Beaufort Earl of SomersetReturn
Henry IV's army returns to ShrewburyScale Down
English relief force is disbanded and the Flint garrison scaled downA winters tale
Owain Glyndwr and his men have withdrawn to Snowdonia near Llyn PerisPardon offered
Henry IV offers to pardon all rebels except for Owain GlyndwrFind Glyndwr!
Spies are sent to Merionethshire, Llyn, Eifionydd to find GlyndwrJudicial Sessions
Hotspurs judicial sessions allocate subsidies of 1000 marks to the communities of Caernarfonshire and MerionethshireConwy Captured
Rhys ap Tudur and Gwilym ap Tudur capture Conwy Castle (to secure a pardon?)Set backs...
A band of Glyndwr's men are routed by Hotspur near Cader Idris then scattered by John Charlton Lord of PowysMoving, keep on moving...
Glyndwr moves his base of operations south to the Pumlumon uplands, just south of MachynllethGeneral Contagion
Robbers
& malefactors in Brecon / Rebellious villeins in Abergavenny /
Rebels in Powys / Assemblies of rebels in CarmarthenshireConwy Returned
Conway Castle handed back...after negotiation with HotspurSpies!
Spies are sent to the uplands of Nant Conwy and Traeth MawrThe Battle of Hyddgen
An
anglo-flemish force of some 1500 men is raised in Pembrokeshire and the
surrounding areas and attacks Owain Glyndwr and his men on Mynydd
Hyddgen. Owain and his 500 or so men are taken by surprise and
surrounded,. Following lengthy fighting, Owain and his men attempt to
break out taking the attackers by surprise. The attackers take flight
and leave behind 200 of their own dead - Glyndwr is victorious!Pardon!
Rhys ap Tudur and Gwilym ap Tudur are pardoned - their co-conspirators are executedMen of Harlech
Harlech laid seige -- relief force sent from Chester2nd Expedition
Henry IV's 2nd expedition sets out to the Tywi valley and Strata FloridaYes Lieutenant
The Earl of Worcester is appointed Lieutenant of South WalesGarrison
Castles are garrisoned -- especially Aberystwyth and CardiganIslands of calm in a sea of rebellion
Amidst the mounting chaos Flintshire and lowland South Wales are relatively unaffected Caernarfon Threatened
Owain Glyndwr and his forces threaten Caernarfon and CastleBattle of Tuthill
???Good Governance
The
Earl of Stafford and the Bishop of Saint Asaph are commissioned to
establish measures for the safe custody and good governance of North
WalesRuthin Raided
Glyndwr's men raid Ruthin and carry off spoils including cattleAppointment
Hotspur is appointed the Lieutenant of North Wales. Thomas Percy the Earl of Worcester is appointed Lieutenant of South WalesCaptive Taken
Reginald Grey is captured by Glyndwr's men in an ambush. It is possible that he was betrayed by his own householdCastles Garrisoned
Castles are repaired (including Kidwelly and Monmouth) and garrisons are maintained (including Carreg Cennen)Battle of Bryn Glas (Pilleth)
Welsh forces led by Glyndwr himself beat the Herefordshire levy led by Edmund Mortimer who is captured (later to marry Glyndwr's daughter). This bloody victory (it is alleged that Welsh women mutilated the genitalia of the English dead) builds the reputation of the Welsh as a force not to be lightly dismissed. The site of the battle, in the southern marches is rings warning bells to the English.Leominster fortified
Walls and ditches are build around LeominsterLieutenant of Carmarthenshire, Cardiganshire and Brecon
Richard Lord Grey of Codnor given military command of Carmarthenshire, Cardiganshire and BreconA new military order
Two
new military commands are created along the English border -- in the
North under the Earl of Arundel and in the South under the Earl of
StaffordIncursions
The Prince of
Wales leads a force to relieve Harlech and Caernarfon. The Earl of
Arundel leads his retinue into Wales. Henry IV leads a force from
Shrewsbury into North Wales, destroys Llanwrst Vill but is overwhelmed
by the weather and returns home dishevelled. To quote the Monk of
Evesham 'he returned home ingloriously'Homildon Hill
Percy is victorious!Marriage
Edmund Mortimer marries Glyndwrs daughterWelsh Stronghold
North
West Wales is a Welsh stronghold. The castles of Beaumaris, Caernarfon,
Harlech and Aberystwyth are isolated English outposts, frequently
beseiged and supplied by seaInsurrection
Pressure on the Shropshire march from Welsh rebels. Insurrection in FlintshireHope Burns
The town of Hope in Cheshire burns at the hands of Welsh rebelsPrince Hal
16 year old Prince Hal is made Lieutenant of WalesHal attacks
Sycarth and Glyndyfrdwy attacked by Prince HalSeige
Harlech
and Aberystwyth in English hands are both under seige. Harlech is
relieved by a force of 1300 men of Chesire sent by Prince HalGarrison increased
Radnor garrison tripled to 70 menThe men of Tywi revolt 1
Owain
Glyndwr leads his army down the Tywi valley, taking the castles of
(amongst others) Dryslwyn, Newcastle Emlyn and CarmarthenRevolution!
Hotspur revolts in ChesterThe men of Tywi revolt 2
Contingent of Glyndwr's army is defeated North of CarmarthenThe Battle of Shrewsbury
Hotspur and Thomas Percy Killed...Cross border raiders
The
Welsh of Flintshire raid towns in Shropshire. They lay seige to Flint,
Rhuddlan and Hawarden. Fears arise that raids could be extended into
Chesire and HerefordshireKidwelly attacked
The
Welsh of Cydwdi and Carnwgllion mount an attack on Kidwelly castle.
Several Englishmen are killed. The same events occur again in OctoberRebels hold Carmarthen
Glyndwrs rebels have taken CarmarthenThe Kings Campaign
Henry
IV leads a campaign. They take two weeks travelling from Brecon to
Carmarthen, where they stay for five days (and leave 550 men for a
month) then on to HerefordSeige Season 1
Cardiff castle is under seige. Forces from France and Brittany aid Henry Don in the seige of Kidwelly castleAppointments 1
Edward Duke of York (the Kings cousin) is appointed Lieutenant for South Wales for a yearAppointments 2
Richard Earl of Warwick and John Lord Audley are appointed to control Brecon for a yearThe French in the fray
The French attack Caernarfon from both land and seaSeige season 2
Aberystwyth,
Caernarfon, Beaumaris, Cardiff & Kidwelly are all under seige. The
French are involved at Kidwelly and CaernarfonParliament Proclaims
A meeting of parliament places military command of wales in the hands of the Prince of WalesPowerful Prince
The Prince of Wales is appointed Lieutenant in North Wales. He commands 500 men-at-arms and 3000 archers.Chaos
Constable
of Harlech Castle is captured. The Deputy Sheriff of Anglesey is
captured and his escort is killed. The men of upland Brecon agree to
submit to the King if he defeats the rebels in Glamorgan.Welsh holdings
Aberystwyth (Llanbadarn) & Harlech are in Welsh handsEven more chaos...
Raids, burnt villages & mills, cross border raiding...Defeat
The Welsh are defeated at GrosmontOrder Order!
A parliament is held at MachynllethBonjour monsieur!
A Welsh diplomatic mission is sent to France.Let's be friends
A Franco-Welsh treaty is concluded.Kidwelly roasted
Kidwelly town is captured and burntRun Run...!
Welsh forces chase Englishmen to the gates of Monmouth.Ahah Jim Lad!
A naval force is assembled in France to establish a bridgeheadDefectors
Notable
Welshmen begin to defect to Glyndwrs cause -- John Trefor Bishop of St
Asaph and Chamberlain of Chester & Lewis Byford Bishop of BangorDeployment
2000 men are posted to seven key castles.Oh No!
The Welsh are defeated at Usk. Glyndwr's brother is killed and his son captured. His secretary is captured later in the month.Sea-attack
Anglesey is attacked from the sea by the Lieutenant of Ireland.English Rebellion
Archbishop
Scrope's rebellion in England is crushed. The Earl of Northumberland
and Lord Bardolf flee to Scotland (then to Wales in 1406).Seige Season
Rhuddlan castle besieged by the WelshChevauche
A French force arrives at Milford Haven, they chevauche to within 8 miles of Worcester.Surrender
Gwilym ap Gruffudd ap Gwilym and brothers Rhys and Robin along with four other Welshmen surrender at Chester.Order Order Order
The second Welsh parliament is held at Harlech castle.Coety Relief
Coety castle is relieved by English forces. The men of pembrokeshire bribe the welsh with £200.Castle Power
English power is concentrated in the royal castles and large garrisons.New arrivals
The Earl of Northumberland and Earl Bardolf arrive in WalesA French affair
Owain Glyndwr ratifies an alliance with the French at Llanbadarn.Naval action
An
English force of 40 men-at-arms and 300 archers is dispatched by the
boat 'Nicolas of Dublin' from Wirral under the command of John
Mainwaring Sheriff of Chester and his brother Ralph to Beaumaris.Prince of the Principality
The
Prince of Wales is appointed lieutenant in North and South Wales and
given 5,000 men - he seems reluctant to puruse this task!North Wales reinforced
Caernarfon's garrison is quadrupled and a naval force deployed to the Menai straits.An ecclesiastical exodus
Wales'
ecclesiastical allegiance is transferred from the Roman Pope (supported
by the English) to the Avignonese Pope (supported by the French). The
vision was to establish an independant Welsh church and two
universities.Ambush
The Scottish heir to the throne is captured and held by the English as a guarantor of Scottish diplomatic caution.A royal guarantor
Hywel Gwynedd and his accomplices are ambushed and killed in Flintshire.Victory on St Georges day
1,000 Welshmen are killed in battle with the English.Au Revoir
The remnant of the French forces leave.A reversal
Edward Charlton and a force from Shropshire trounce the Earl of Northumberland and Earl BardolfMen of Flint
Seven leading men of Flintshire are given safe conduct to Chester to make submissions.Deployment
220 men posted to guard Anglesey. 60 soldiers guarding the Menai strait.Show me the money!
The Prince of Wales is given a new commission - less men / more money.Enquires being held
Official
enquiries are being held in St Asaph, Rhuddlan, Holywell, Caerswys to
gather information on who had died in the revolt, their lands etc.Submission
2000 men of Anglesey submitted and tried.Devastation
Coelion in Dyffryn Clwyd is being devastated by Glyndwrs men.Order in court
The Anglesey county court has recommenced meeting.Anglesey subdued
John Mainwaring is appointed the military commander of Anglesey with a force of 100 men.Trial and retribution
1000
men of Flint appear before Gilbert Talbot and other justices at Flint
and agree to pay a large communal fine for their part in the rebellion.6 months
The Prince of Wales contracted to serve in Wales for 6 months with 600 men-at-arms and 1800 archers.Campaign supplies
The Prince of Wales is given £7,000 to pursue his campaign.Seige of Aberystwyth
A
seige of Aberystwyth is prepared by the Welsh, Glyndwr takes control of
the castle amidst English bickering and lily-livered behaviour.Tourist
Gilbert
Talbot is given a force of 100 men-at-arms and 400 archers to tour
Caernarfonshire and Merionethshire to collect fines imposed at session.Menai Guarded
20 men-at-arms and 100 archers posted to Caernarfon to guard Menai straits.Cardiganshire Guarded
480 men posted at Strata Florida to police North Cardiganshire.Truce
English and French form a truce.Northumberland falls
The Earl of Northumberland and his allies killed at the battle of Bramham moor.Envoy to Paris
Two envoys are sent to Paris to appeal for help against the English.Rebels retreated
The
rebels have ensconced themselves in the fastness of the Upper Conwy
valley, planning to ambush the Chamberlain of North Wales as he travels
to Chester.Castles fall
Aberystwyth and Harlech castles fall to the EnglishGam taken
Dayfdd
Gam, a Breconshire land-owner who fought with the English during the
height of the rebellion, is captured and ransomed. Owain Glyndwr
recieves a large ransom. This is the last that is heard of Glyndwr